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Eugene Isaac Meyer (October 31, 1875 – July 17, 1959) was an American financier, public official, and newspaper publisher. He was the publisher of the ''Washington Post'' newspaper. He served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1930 to 1933. He also served as the first President of the World Bank Group. He was the father of publisher Katharine Graham and portrait photographer Florence Meyer. ==Life and career== Born in Los Angeles, California, he was one of eight children〔 of Marc Eugene Meyer and Harriet Newmark. His parents were Alsatian Jews,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.washpostco.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=62487&p=irol-historykgrahamobituary )〕 but he avoided identification as a Jew until later in life.〔Katharine Graham, ''Personal History,'' (1998) pp 6, 51〕 He grew up in San Francisco and attended college across the bay at the University of California, Berkeley, but he dropped out after one year and later enrolled at Yale University. He received his A.B. in 1895. After college, Meyer went to work for Lazard Freres, where his father was a partner, but quit in 1901 after four years and went out on his own. He was a successful investor and speculator and owned a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. He married Agnes Elizabeth Ernst, a Lutheran, in 1910; they had five children, including the future Katharine Graham and another daughter Florence Meyer (1911–1962) (Mrs. Oskar Homolka). By 1915, when he was forty, he was worth $40 million. In 1920, Meyer teamed with William H. Nichols of General Chemical to help fulfill his vision of a bigger, better chemical company. Meyer and Nichols combined five smaller chemical companies to create the Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, which later became Allied Chemical Corp., and eventually became part of AlliedSignal, the forerunner of Honeywell’s specialty materials business. Both men have buildings named after them at Honeywell’s headquarters in Morristown, New Jersey. Meyer went to Washington, D.C. during World War I as a "dollar a year man" for Woodrow Wilson, becoming the head of the War Finance Corporation and served there long after the end of hostilities. President Calvin Coolidge named him as chairman of the Federal Farm Loan Board in 1927 and Herbert Hoover promoted him to chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in 1930. He served in that capacity from September 16, 1930, to May 10, 1933. Meyer strongly supported government relief to combat the Great Depression, taking on an additional post as chief of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Hoover's unsuccessful attempt to aid companies by providing loans to businesses. After Franklin D. Roosevelt's inauguration in 1933, he resigned his government posts.〔"Washington Post Bought By Meyer." Trenton (NJ) Evening Times, June 13, 1933, p. 3.〕 Meyer has been criticized for not being bold enough in attacking the economic catastrophe of the early 1930s with monetary stimulus and allowing the banking crisis to get out of hand, which deepened the economic collapse. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eugene Meyer (financier)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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